一、英文简答

1.写出法约尔的十四条管理原则中的5条。

参考答案：

1.Division of work.Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.

2.Authority. Managers must be able to give orders, and authority gives them this right.

3.Discipline.Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.

4.Unity of command. Every employee should receive orders from only one superior.

5.Unity of direction. The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.

6.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest. The interests of any one employee or group of employees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole.

7.Remuneration. Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.

8.Centralization. This term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.

9.Scalar chain. The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks is the scalar chain.

10.Order. People and materials should be in the right place at the right time.

11.Equity. Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.

12.Stability of tenure of personnel. Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.

13.Initiative. Employees allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.

14.Esprit de corps. Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.