初试

新祥旭专业课教材：

《数据结构（C语言版）》严蔚敏

《数据结构（C++版）》邓俊辉

《计算机组成原理》唐朔飞

《计算机组成原理》蒋本珊

《计算机操作系统》汤子瀛

《现代操作系统》AnderwS.Tanenbaum

《计算机网络》谢希仁

《计算机网络——自顶向下方法》James F.Kurose

 

专业辅导书：

《数据结构考研复习指导》

《计算机组成原理考研复习指导》

《操作系统考研复习指导》

《计算机网络考研复习指导》

《计算机专业基础综合考试指导全书》

《计算机专业基础综合考试名校真题精析》

《计算机专业基础综合考试最后8套模拟题》

《计算机专业基础综合考试真题思路分析》

【高教版】

《全国硕士研究生招生考试计算机学科专业基础综合考试大纲》

《全国硕士研究生招生考试算机专业基础综合考试解析》

《全国硕士研究生招生考试计算机专业基础综合考试解析配套1000题》

 

这些资料我大致都看过，但是如果全部看完是不现实的，我的建议是参考教材要看，辅导书则选择某一套即可，对于跨考或者基础较弱的，可以看看视频课。

 

至于初试的时间安排，我个人建议是如下。

第一阶段（4-7月）：基础阶段——以章节为单位看完教材和辅导书，完成辅导书课后习题；

第二阶段（8-10月）：强化阶段——刷足够的题目，针对第一阶段的学习进行测验。

第三阶段（11-12月）：冲刺阶段——做套题（模拟题和真题），要求在规定的时间内完成，模拟真实的考试形式。这一阶段重在培养考试的感觉。

 

复试

只要初试过了，分数还不错，复试就相对容易多了。

复试的考查主要是两个方面，英语面试和专业面试，以前有过英语听力和上机考试，这次都取消了，但是不保证以后也没有。

对于必须的两个环节，我之前结合了众多师兄师姐的经验，再加上自己的准备，写下了如下的总结，呕心沥血之作，按照这些来准备，复试肯定没问题。

 

附录1：英语面试材料准备

1. 基本信息：姓名、年龄、家乡、本科学校和专业、工作经历、报考的专业和方向、兴趣爱好

Good morning/afternoon, my dear teachers and professors. I am very glad to be here for this interview. My name is Wu Jiangyong. I am xx years old. I come from Jingzhou, Hubei Province, a small city of ease.

My undergraduate period had accomplished in University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2015. I major in Computer Science and Technology. After graduation I worked in a startup company as an Android developer for a short time. And now, I am working as a QA in a listed company. Since qa means quality assurance, most of my work is about develop management or project management.

When I was at school, I learnt courses about computer languages, about computer basic theories and about computer applications. Generally speaking, I know about the fundamental theories and master some basic skills. However, the longer I work , the more strong feeling of short of knowledge I have.

Owing to my great interest with big data and machine learning, I choose the technology and application of big data as my research direction. I hope I can learn more and make a progress in this field in the days to come.

Besides study and work, in my spare time I like to go to climbing, go to camping and take a photograph. I reached the highest peak of Beijing several times. Almost every time we would camp on the half way up the mountain. As for photography, I like to take portrait, landscape, architecture.

Today, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to Peking University. Hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses at this place which I have desired for a long time. Once admitted into PKU, I will spare no efforts in studying and making myself become a better professional in computer science.

That’s all, thank you for your attention. Thank you for considering me as a potential candidate.

2. 介绍兴趣爱好、性格、能力和优缺点

I am kind and friendly. Always ready to help others. I am outgoing and easygoing, so I can always get on well with other.

I like outdoor activities, such cycling, climbing, camping, photography and watching movies. I like science fiction film. My favorite movie is Westworld, actually it’s a TV serial. The story takes place in the fictional Westworld. It’s a technologically advanced park populated by android hosts. People pay money to come the park, do something illegal to seek thriller, they don’t have to take any responsibility for murder, rob or any other things, because these victims are robots. These robots repeat their life day after another day. Finally, they have consciousness and realize the truth, and then they resist , they plan to escape from the park.

I suppose my strengths are I'm persistent and a fast-learner, careful, attention to detail, work with perseverance, patience. My weakness is that sometimes to serious, may lead to inefficient.

3. 介绍家人

I was born in a rural family, my parents are both peasants. They have a tough, hard life. They sacrificed everything, work very hard to raise my three elder sisters and me, funded me to attend school. I owe them too much and it’s not enough to pay them back even with my whole lifetime. I have a wise, responsible mother and a gentle father. They are my best teachers and I learnt a lot from them. As for my three elder sisters, they all married already. They love me very much since I was born. They have given me many help and I am much indebted to them

4. 介绍家乡（水资源，种植，养殖，小龙虾，历史，名人，名胜，美食）

I come from a small city called Jinzhou, located in a middle province of China, Hubei. It’s more than 1400 km from Beijing. Jingzhou is rich in water resource, so it’s suitable to develop planting industry and aquaculture industry.

People in my hometown plant much kind of crops, such as rice, soybean, sesame and rape, and feed much kind of fish. So my hometown is called Land of Fish and Rice.

What’s more, Jinzhou is also a famous historical city. People know about it from the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. As we know, Jingzhou is a hotspot in military in ancient China, so Liu Bei once lent Jingzhou from Sun Quan, and never returns to him. Besides, Jingzhou is hometown to many famous people, such as Wu Zixu, Zhang Juzheng and so on.

People in my hometown are very friendly and hospitable. And welcome to Jingzhou!

5. 介绍母校（历史、校训、特色专业、最难忘的记忆、同学、老师）

I was graduated from University of Science and Technology Beijing. USTB was founded in 1952, so it’s about 67 years old. It is renowned for its study of metal and materials science. It was chosen to be part of China’s “211 Project”. The university’s motto is Rigorous in Learning and Research and Venerating Practice.

I will never forget the campus’s two big canteens. Each of them is four stories high. Each floor can accommodate 2000 students at least at the same time. For me, the most unforgettable food of USTB is fried chicken. It’s really delicious. I do not know how they cook it, but it tastes very good. Besides, it’s much cheap. They sell it only four Yuan.

My favorite teacher is Mrs. Li. She teaches history. It’s a public optional course. All the students like her for her passion and humor in class. She is not just showing us the ppt on the screen. She writes a lot on blackboard and her handwriting is very good.

My best friend of USTB is. Let’s just call him Liu. Liu and I have the same hobby, we are both outgoing and we are members of Primitive Tribe. Primitive Tribe is a students’ club. This club organizes outdoor activities, such as skiing, climbing, camping, rock climbing and so on. Liu and I often go out have some fun together. We know each other well and we keep in touch with each other until now.

6. 介绍本科学的专业课程和毕业论文

My major is computer science and technology. The courses of my major can be divided into three categories. The first is computer language, such C, C++ and Java. The second is about computer basic theory, like operation system, computer network, data structure. The third is about computer application, like artificial intelligence, data warehouse and data mining.

Among these courses, I’m interested in most is data structure. It tells us how the data organized. Sometimes is a vector, sometimes is a stack. Sometimes they are arranged like a queue, sometimes they are arranged like a tree. There are many kinds of structures you can choose, but when you make a choice, you have to think about the efficiency. How long it will cost and how much space it will take up. Our job is to finish the things done with shortest time and least amount of space.

My dissertation is The Development of IM Software Based on Android.

7. 擅长的课程、语言、用该语言做过什么

 

8. 项目、工作经历

Actually, it has been a bit long time before I left the last company. May I tell you something about my current job and the company I work for now?

I work in Surfilter as a QA now. QA means quality assurance. Surfilter is a listed company which provides IT service solutions for state enterprises and public institutions, such as Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Industry and Information, bank and so on. Most of our product is about public security, information security and network security. One of the company’s product is about online finance. It aims at finding out irregular load platform and monitoring its illegal operations, and then reports those information to the government. Other product can help police to find out criminal suspect or to find out online remarks those against the government.

As a QA, my responsibility is to guarantee the quality of the software by tracking the project from the beginning to the end, by controlling develop procedure. Make sure every member of the team, including project manager, develop manager, developer, and test, make sure that what they do must obey the principles. They should write requirement documents, design documents and any other necessary documents. Before coding, WBS must be finished. Before testing, test case must be reviewed. We do it like this and then the project has a greater possibility to become a success, it will be more possible for our guest to accept the software.

 

9. 介绍大数据技术与应用方向（大数据的概念、特点、用途、常用算法、专业、自己的看法）

Big data means large collections of data. With the development of information technology and mobile internet, people produce massive data every day. Many valuable clues can be found from those data, so how to get data, how to process data, and how to apply them become focus recently. The big data and its accompanying technology like data acquisition, data storage, data cleaning, data mining and data visualization becoming increasingly valued by people.

With the help of technology of big data, police in Los Angles can prevent the crime from happening, because they can predict where the crime scene will be. Google can forecast how the birds’ flu spread. Scientists can predict who will be the winner of the US presidential election.

Big data has a strong relationship with cloud computing. Since the data is volume, so it can’t be processed by just one or a few computers, and it has to be processed by lots of computers which are organized with distributed architecture.

Actually, a few days ago, I read a book named Big Data, its Chinese name is 《大数据时代》。In the writer’s opinion, big data will lead to a revolution that will transform how we live, how we work, and how we think. The book tells us the writer’s three principles of big data. First, big data is not random sample, but the whole data. Second, big data is not accurate, but messy. Third, big data is not causality, but correlation. I have no doubt with the first two viewpoints. As we know, IBM put forward 5Vs to describe big data: they are volume, velocity, variety, value, veracity. According to the 5Vs, big data must be the whole data and messy. But I do not agree with the third viewpoint. I do not think correlation is more important than causality. Maybe the writer wants to make his book more attractive, so he put forward such sharp opinion.

10. 介绍大数据和机器学习算法（《数据仓库和数据挖掘》）

Data warehouse is a system used for reporting and data analysis. I learnt some algorithms about big data and machine learning, such as apriori, knn, and k-means.

Apriori is an algorithm for frequent item set mining and association rule learning over transactional databases. Apriori uses breadth-first search and a Hash tree structure to count candidate item sets efficiently.

Naïve bayes is a kind of classification algorithm. It based on a common principle: the classifiers assume that the value of a particular feature is independent of the value of any other feature. This principle may lead to inaccurate classification.

As for knn, it’s also a kind of classification algorithm.

K-means is a kind of aggregation algorithm. It aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean.

These algorithms can mine valuable information from big data. They are all useful tools to process data.

11. 报考北大、报考这个方向的原因（地理位置、名校、有同学、专业热门、自己喜欢）

The big data and machine learning is a hot issue.

12. 北京的印象、北大的印象

（大、行政中心、文化中心、景点、美食）

Beijing is the center of politics, culture and diplomacy of the whole nation. It’s a big city with many places of interest, with many universities and colleges, with many companies, both start-up and listed company and also with many people. I have been in Beijing for more than 6 years. Many changes have taken place in this place during the past 6 years. Firstly, the traffic of Beijing improved a lot recent years. In 2011, there is not much subway. But now, Beijing has almost 20 subway lines and it relieve the ground traffic pressure effectively. Secondly, air quality of Beijing improved a lot. When I was still a student, I remember that people have to wear a mask when winter comes. Due to great efforts of the government, people do not concerned at the state of air in the capital at all. Thirdly, with the improvement of living conditions, more and more people come here and stay. It’s more competitive for students to apply for a college and for people to find a job.

I like photography, and I like taking landscape. At the same time, I am also fond of cultural relics. So I often go to the Summer Palace, it’s my favorite park. The Summer Palace have glorious palaces and a big lake named Kunming Lake. The beautiful scenery and rich cultural connotation of the Summer Palace attracted people from all over the world, including me. What impressed me most is the bridge of the park. There are nearly 20 bridges in the park. Each of them is different.

It is the best university of China. I have been dreaming of getting into Peking University since I was a little child. This university brings together the most talented students and top professors of the whole nation even the whole world. I am looking forward to studying and working with them, improving myself, repaying my parents. That’s why I am applying for Peking University.

The campus is very beautiful, with many traditional style buildings and beautiful scenery. It’s known for its Boya Tower, Weiming Lake, and the library. People call them three together “一塔湖图”. I like going ice-skating on Weiming Lake in winter and sometimes taking a walk in Langrun Yuan.

13. 研究生的学习计划

In the first year, have a good study of my lessons and get high scores; learn some algorithms about big data. Read some papers which are related to my research direction.

In the second year, take part in an internship in the teacher’s lab or an IT company and keep studying.

In the third year, finish my final dissertation carefully and seriously and graduate with honors.

14. 职业规划

After 4 years’ postgraduate study, I would like to stay at school to do further research in the field of big data and machine learning, get my doctor’s degree. Or work as a research developer in an IT giant, apply what I will have learnt to practice.

15. 双学位

My English dissertation is The Comparison and Contrast of Jin's and Xiao's Translations of Ulysses from the Perspectives of Domestication and Foreignization.

Domestication is similar to free translation, foreignization is similar to literal translation. But domestication and foreignization are much more complicate. It’s not just about the processing form and meaning in the level of language. They focus on the differences of the two translations from cultural aspect, linguistic aspect, aesthetic aspect.

Fox example, if you translate 饺子 into dumpling, this is domestication. But if you translate 饺子 into Jiaozi, this is foreignization.

James Joyce was an Irish novelist. He is regarded as one of the most important authors of the 20th century. Joyce is best known for Ulysses. Other well-known works are the short-story collection Dubliners , and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. There is a book list name the top 100 English novel. Joyce’s Ulysses ranks first and the two other works are on the list too.

Ulysses is a modernist novel written by Irish writer, James Joyce. It is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature. The book describes the hero’s experience of an ordinary day in Dublin.

 

附录2：专业面试

0. 设计模式

1) 单例模式

2) 抽象工厂模式和工厂模式

3) 适配器模式

4) 装饰模式

5) 观察者模式

6) 外观模式

7) 模板方法模式

8) 建造者模式

9) 代理模式

10) 原型模式

11) 迭代器模式

12) 策略模式

1. 数据结构

1) 快排、平衡二叉树、双栈实现队列的代码

2) 链表里怎么找到环的入口

3) 常见的排序算法及其复杂度

4) 常见的查找算法及其复杂度

5) 快排的思想

6) 树的定义

7) 二叉树的定义

8) 判断链表环

9) 直接插入排序：O(n)，O(n^2)，O(n^2)，O(1)

10) 折半插入排序：O(nlogn)，O(n^2)，O(n^2)，O(1)

11) 希尔排序：O(  )，O(nlogn)，O(n^2)，O(1)

12) 冒泡排序：O(n)，O(n^2)，O(n^2)，O(1)

13) 快速排序：O(nlogn)，O(nlogn)，O(n^2)，O(logn)

14) 简单选择排序：O(n^2)，O(n^2)，O(n^2)，O(1)

15) 堆排序：O(nlogn)，O(nlogn)，O(nlogn)，O(1)

16) 二路归并排序：O(nlogn)，O(nlogn)，O(nlogn)，O(n)

17) 基数排序：O(  )，O(d(n+r))，O(d(n+r))，O(r)

18) 外排

20) 顺序查找：O(n)

21) 折半查找：O(logn)

22) 散列表：开放地址法，平方探查法，链地址表

23) 树和二叉树的转换

24) 求若干序列的所有公共子序列

25) 欧拉图、哈密尔顿图

 

2. 计算机网络

1) UDP和TCP的区别

2) TCP/IP体系结构，各层的协议及其区别

3) OSI体系结构（英文全称），各层的协议

4) TCP三次握手和四次握手

5) 数据链路层封装成帧方法

6) DNS查询的递归和迭代

7) 邮件的发送过程

8) HTTP的持久性和非持久性连接

9) 各层的物理设备及隔离的广播域、冲突域

10) 解决IP不够用：CIDR，IPV6，NAT

11) NAT的地址范围01-00-5e

12) ALOHA（纯、时隙）

13) CSMA协议

14) CSMA/CD协议

15) 停止-等待协议

16) GBN

17) SR

18) 奇校验和偶校验的区别

19) 4种组帧的方法

20) 物理层的四中物理特性：机械、电气、功能、规程

21) 电路、报文和分组交换的区别

22) 奈奎斯特定理、香农定理

23) OSI参考模型的三个概念

24) OSI和TCP/IP在网络层和传输层的连接与无连接

25) 各协议使用的端口号

26) 网卡的集中工作模式：广播、多播、直接、混杂

 

3. 操作系统

1) 饥饿和死锁的区别

2) 奇偶校验

3) 线程和进程的区别

4) 进程的三个文件标示符

5) PCB包括哪些：PID、状态、队列指针、优先级

6) 进程状态

7) 进程调度的算法

8) 进程的通信

9) PV的内部实现（两个函数）

10) 死锁和饥饿的区别

11) 死锁的条件

12) 解决死锁的办法

13) 时间和空间局部性

14) I/O控制方式

15) 磁盘调度算法

16) 动态内存分配方式

17) 虚拟内存：部分装入、请求调入、置换功能

18) 透明

19) 黑盒和透明的区别

20) 分段和分页的区别

21) 页面置换算法

22) 系统调用

23) 操作系统的四个特性：并发、虚拟、共享、异步

24) 同步机制遵循的四个原则

25) 内部碎片和外部碎片

26) 编译、链接与装入

27) 链接的三种方式

28) 装入的三种方式

29) 交换与覆盖

30) 虚实物理地址转换

31) SPOOLing

32) Belady现象

33) 抖动

34) 页面分配策略：固定分配局部置换、可变分配全局置换、可变分配局部置换

 

4. C、C++

1) 指针的作用

2) 类和类间的关系，及其UML图

3) 引用传递

4) 二级及多级指针

5) 封装、继承和多态

6) 构造方法

7) 值、指针、引用传参方法

8) static 静态变态

9) const 常量

10) 重载和重写

11) 面向对象

12) 虚函数

13) 堆和栈

14) 内存包括哪几个区域

15) C++和C的区别

16) C++和Java的区别

17) 接口和类的区别（能否实例化、是否有构造函数、成员是否有修饰符）

18) 类和类的关系：泛化（继承）= 实现、组合、聚合、关联、依赖

 

5. 数据库

1) 第一范式：属性不可分

2) 第二范式：消除部分依赖

3) 第三范式：消除传递依赖

4) BC范式：主属性不依赖于主属性

5) 事务及其四个特性：原子性、持久性、一致性、隔离性

6) 数据的操作：选择、投影、自然连接、笛卡尔积、并、差

7) drop、delete、truncate 的区别

8) 索引的作用

9) 索引的类型：普通索引、主键索引、唯一索引、全文索引、聚集索引

10) 主键和索引的区别

11) 数据库的关系完整性：实体完整性、域完整性、参照完整性、用户定义完整性

12) 保证数据库安全的三种方法：用户标识与鉴别、存取控制（权限控制）、审计

 

6. 软件测试

1) 黑盒测试：等价划分、边界值分析、因果图法

2) 白盒测试：逻辑覆盖、循环语句

3) 单元测试→集成测试→系统测试→验收测试

4) 集成测试的两种方法

5) 兼容性测试、性能测试、功能测试

6) 缺陷的生命周期：提交、确认、分配、修复、验证、关闭

 

7. 软件工程

1) 软件开发模型：瀑布模型、增量模型、快速原型模型、螺旋模型、敏捷过程和极限编程

2) 软件开发的生命周期：问题定义、可行性研究、需求分析、总体设计、详细设计、编码和单元测试、综合测试、运行维护

3) 集成测试：自顶向下、自底向上

4) 获取需求的方法

5) 软件工程三要素

 

8. 大数据

1) 数据仓库的定义

2) 分类算法（构造分类器）：朴素贝叶斯，KNN，SVM

3) 聚类算法：K-means，

4) 朴素贝叶斯算法：求后验概率，根据训练的数据统计；条件独立性的假设；

5) Apriori算法：挖掘关联规则的频繁项集算法：一个项集是频繁项集，它的所有子项集都是频繁项集；一个项集不是频繁项集，那么它的所有超项集也都不是频繁项集。

支持度、置信度

先找频繁项集，再找关联规则。

过程：1.先由数据集生成候选项集C1，再由支持度过滤生成频繁项集L1；

2.将L1的数据项两两拼接成C2；

3.从候选项集C2开始，通过支持度过滤生成L2；

4.将L2的数据两两拼接成C3；

5……..依次进行下去，直到L或K中不存在数据项。

6) K-means：基于距离的聚类算法

1.从n个文档随机选k个作为质心

2.从剩余的文档测量其到质心的距离，归属到最近的类

3.重新计算各个类的质心；

4.迭代2~3直到新的质心与原质心相等或小于指定阈值，算法结束。

7) SVM（有监督的学习模型）：

8)  机器学习

 

10. 组成原理

1) 中断机制

11. Java

1) 反射机制

2) 线程实现的方法（Thread、Runnable）

3) sleep( )、yeild( )、join( )

4) 线程的五种状态：创建、就绪、运行、阻塞、终止

5) 状态转换：new( )、start( )、sleep( )、join( )、run( )

6) 集合类（Collection：Set、Map、List）

7) Set：HashSet、TreeSet、

8) List：ArrayList、LinkedList

9) Map：HashMap、TreeMap

10) public、protect、default、private

11) synchronized同步锁（代码块、方法、类）

12) 泛型（类、接口、方法、）：通用自定义数据类型

13) 字节流：InputStream（read( )、close( )、FileInputStream、ObjectInputStream）、OutputStream（write( )、close( )、flush( )）

14) 字符流：Reader（read( )、close( )、FileReader、InputStreamReader）、Writer（write( )、close( )、flush( )、FileWriter、OutputStreamWriter）

 

12. Android

1) Android的系统架构

2) 四大组件

3) Activity的生命周期及其转换

4) 常用五种布局

5) 五种数据存储方式

6) Activity的启动模式

7) 如何启用Service

8) Service的生命周期

9) 注册广播的两种方式

10) Message、Handle、Message Queue、Looper的关系

11) MVC

12) ANR

13) AIDL

14) NDK

 

13. XMPP

1) 概述：基于XML的协议

2) 定义了三个角色：客户端、服务器、网关

3) XMPP客户端，必须支持的功能

1.通过TCP套接字与XMPP服务器进行通信

2.解析组织好的XML信息包

3.理解消息数据类型

4) XMPP服务器，遵循的两个主要法则

1.监听客户端连接，并直接与客户端应用程序通信

2.与其他XMPP服务器通信

5) XMPP网关

6) 系统特点：客户机/服务器通信模式，分布式网络，简单的客户端，XML的数据格式

7) 地址格式

8) 通信原语：message，presence，iq

9) 服务端介绍：Openfire

14. FPGA

1) 硬件描述语言Verilog，定义

15. 英语面试

1) 自我介绍

2) 家乡、家庭

3) 个人的爱好、性格、优缺点

4) 母校的基本情况，老师和同学

5) 本科学的课程，最喜欢哪个

6) 考研的目的

7) 毕业论文

8) 项目和工作经验

9) 大数据的基本情况

10) 北京和北大的印象

11) 你报考北大和大数据的原因

12) 研究生期间的学习计划

13) 就业规划

14) 大数据和机器学习的算法

 

16. 2018年复试现场部分题汇总

1) 递归三要素

2) 口述汉诺塔算法

3) 一对对的数据，找出那个落单的

4) 和为定值x的所有三个数

5) 树中两个结点的最近公共祖先

6) 二叉树求直径

7) 矩阵，广度优先搜索

8) 两个单链表相交

9) 括号匹配

10) 两个队列求公共子序列

11) 网络操作系统

12) Java的垃圾回收机制：gc

 

2020-2021年新祥旭考研辅导班第一品牌

丽丽老师

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